Related Papers
Object modeling and proper abstractions: The case of stair design
2007 •
June-Hao Hou
Even though, for decades, it had been accepted as an initial and critical stage in the design process, conceptual design has been inadequately supported on Computer-Aided Architectural Design (CAAD) systems. Since the computer, is by nature, proficient in high-speed calculations and data storage a wide range of tools and applications have been developed for it to enhance precision, efficiency and productivity. Only minimal achievements have been realized in exploring the territory of conceptual design—a domain that combines both creativity and problem-solving skills. This research addresses issues in existing CAAD models and argues that there must exist certain shared core constructs, or abstractions of design components that are universal and invariable. Such abstractions need to be carefully recognized and designed to capture the most fundamental and straightforward concept about the components. For the purpose of this research, stairs have been selected as the subject of study because of their historical significance, systematic structure, and because they exist in abundance in various forms. Initially existing computer tools for stair-generation were reviewed to gather tool constraints. Then a new way of thinking regarding stair design is proposed as well as a properly defined abstraction of stairs. This abstract model is capable of modeling wide variety of stairs, including numerous special cases. A software tool is implemented as part of AutoCAD to test the abstraction and modeling process against feasibility and coverage of cases. The tool is a relationship-based modeling environment that enables native CAD objects to be managed by relationships. A relationship-pattern ‘sequence’ is used to implement the abstraction of stairs and is used to test common and empirical stair examples. Potential applications of the Sequence pattern are far beyond stair modeling since the abstraction is so generic that it would encompass any sequential structured entity in a building. In response to the arguments made by this research, the tool also provides a set of functions for rapid modeling of an abstract design—relationship-based modeling.
Stairway Architecture: Transformative Cycles in the Golden Lane
Iain Borden
International Journal of Architectural Research (IJAR)
An Evaluation of Stairway Designs Featured in Architectural Record between 2000 and 2012
2016 •
Karen Kim, Edward Steinfeld
This paper discusses an evaluation of stairway designs featured in Architectural Record, a leading architectural professional journal, over a thirteen-year publication period (2000 to 2012). Images of stairways were classified as either hazard-free or hazard(s)-present using a hazard identification checklist, and the frequency of visible design hazards was tabulated. A total of 578 stairways were scanned in articles and advertisem*nts, of which 78 (13.5%) were product advertisem*nts. Sixty-one percent of the stairways had at least one visible design hazard including nearly half (47%) in product advertisem*nts. The three most common hazards in stairways were inadequate handrails (161, 27.8%), excessive length of stairway flights (74, 12.8%), and low visual contrast on tread edges (73, 12.6%). The high prevalence of stairway design hazards in the professional literature indicates a need for improved professional education and media attention to safe stairway design.
STUDY OF STAIRCASES DESIGN AND VISITORS' PERCEPTION AT COMMERCIAL BUILDING
belinda amri
Stair is a space and a construction of a building that is designed to connect two or more levels vertically. As a vertical circulation system, staircases demanded a proper design for user safety. The designer often designed the stair without a concern to the architectural standards and user convenience due to space limitations. In designing the staircases, an architect should regard into numerous things, including: type, width, landing, steps (tread/rise) and handrail height. Staircase design should be guided by human dimension, therefore when moving vertically, the userfeels comfortable, safe, and energetic. Research was conducted on a 4 multi-storey commercial building and involved the visitors. The assessed factors were; first, the design of staircases compared with architectural and ergonomic standard. Second, the visitor's perceptions of safety, and comfort toward staircases design. The result indicated most of the respondents in PasarSentral Kota pleased with the staircase designed in a specificationas follows: a quarter turnstair, a semi elliptical geometric stairway, a width of150 cm, steps (tread with18 cm/rise with 13 cm), a landing of150 cm, and 80 cm height of handrail made of aluminium. However, this design is inefficient, the lower rise affected lots of steps, run, and space required. INTRODUCTION Staircases are seen as connectors between at least two different levels which has a distance from each other [1]. The staircase is a construction that is designed to connect two vertical levels [2]. The staircase becomes an important factor for connecting the first floor and the second floor or so. Sometimes we walk up or down stairs which makes us easily tired. The main cause of the problem is the shape and size. Vertical risers and horizontal treads are the main concern when designing a staircase because these parts are connected with steps over a slope [1]. A staircase serves to provide horizontal and vertical access to buildings in order to negotiate height differences with the least possible exertion of force. Building law and safety matters, user concerns and identification, function and spatial experience, clarity and traffic flow as well as aesthetic concepts are determined very early in the course of a basic brief design. In designing a stairway, the first task is to select a trial rise height and divide it into the total floor-to-floor distance [3]. This number is usually rounded up to the next whole number and then divided it into the total floor-to-floor distance to obtain the actual uniform riser height. The number of treads is based on the number of risers. Any tread depth can be selected as long as it meets the minimum code requirement [1] [2]. Stairways are one of the most dangerous parts of the building environment. In a flight of stairs, each step is a physical obstacle that can interfere with foot clearance and cause a person to lose balance and fall [4]. Therefore, in this study, the following factors were initially investigated: 1. How was the staircase designed for the commercial building, 2. How was the visitor' perception of the commercial building toward the staircases design
STRUCTURAL DESIGN, DETAILING AND CONSTRUCTION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STAIRCASES
STRUCTURAL DESIGN, DETAILING AND CONSTRUCTION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STAIRCASES
2018 •
Ayodele Akin-Adamu
This technical material provides recommendations in the sizing of stair element, such as the rise, tread, maximum number of steps, minimum headroom and clearance, and the height of handrail from the pitch line of the stair. It also gives illustration examples of the structural design of straight flight by transverse and longitudinal design. This technical material uses BS 5395-1-200 (stairs, ladder, and walkway) and BS 8110 as a normative reference. The technical information also provided recommended reinforcement layout for straight stairs supported longitudinally.
INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF …
ERICE AND ITS ARCHITECTONIC HERITAGE
2010 •
laura inzerillo
STAIR CASE: BUILDING MATERIAL AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
CEng. Abhisek Panda
This paper is prepared keeping in mind the requirements of a B-Tech level and Diploma level student. This may be considered as lecture note and may be referred to for academic preparation. I am quite hopeful that this paper will fulfill all sorts of requirements of a B-Tech level student.
Journal of Unconventional History, vol. 7, 3
Stairways to Heaven
1996 •
Hillel Schwartz
an essay review of Origin of Perspective by Hubert Damisch translated by John Goodman Cambridge MA: MIT, 1995 The New World Order & The Throne of the AntiChrist The Armageddon Series Part III The New World Order Observed, Volume 1 by Robert O'Driscoll et al. Toronto: The Printing Office, 1993 and New World Order: Corruption in Canada The Armageddon Series Part III The New World Order Observed, Volume 3 by Robert O'Driscoll and Elizabeth Elliott Toronto: Saigon Press, 1994 The Staircase Volume 1: History and Theories Volume 2: Studies of Hazards, Falls, and Safer Design by John Templer Cambridge MA: MIT, 1992
Architecture In Detail
Phan Minh Chiến
Civil Engineering and Architecture
Compliance of High-rise Buildings Vertical Accessibility Components with Universal Design Strategies: A Case Study of Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
2020 •
Horizon Research Publishing(HRPUB) Kevin Nelson
In recent times, with the increase in population, land areas that can accommodate the traditional school design model are becoming difficult to come by in urban areas or expensive. Therefore, for urban schools to accommodate the increasing population, school designs have shifted from outward horizontal arrangements to upward vertical designs. Consequently, this study examined the compliance of vertical accessibility components in high-rise buildings in Covenant University, Ota in Nigeria, with universal design strategies, with a view to identifying areas for further improvements, towards contributing to ways of promoting social inclusion in educational environments. The research is a qualitative case study of a tertiary institution that investigated two high-rise buildings on the university campus. An observation guide developed for the study and a digital camera were used to collect primary field data. The data were content analysed and presented using descriptive approach with the aid of texts and pictures. The findings revealed that ramps, steps/staircases and lifts are the vertical accessibility components provided in the high-rise buildings, all of which were found to exhibit various levels of inconsistencies with universal design strategies. One of the key recommendations of the study is to retrofit the buildings with necessary accessible features where they are lacking or inappropriately provided, where possible. The study will be useful to researchers, students, educators, policy makers and building design professionals in addressing issues relating to universal design of the built environment, particularly as it relates to the provision of equitable vertical movement features in high-rise public buildings.
