What Are Molars and Wisdom Teeth? (2024)

Molars, which include your set of wisdom teeth, are rounded, flat teeth in the back of the mouth.

Also called molar teeth, molars can vary in size and shape but are the largest teeth in the mouth. While your smaller, sharper front teeth are used for biting and tearing food, the molars' role is to grind food into pieces that are easy to swallow.

This article looks at the types of molars, the purpose of wisdom teeth specifically, and problems that can develop with these large, powerful teeth.

What Are Molars and Wisdom Teeth? (1)

Types of Molars

The average adult has 12 molars, three on each side of both your upper and lower jaws. Each of the three molars is a different type:

  • First molars, also called six-year molars because they come in around age 6
  • Second molars, also called 12-year molars because they erupt around age 12
  • Third molars, also called wisdom teeth, which appear between the ages of 17 and 21

Molars are designed to sustain great amounts of force from chewing, grinding, and clenching. That's thanks to their large surface area and two to four roots that are firmly implanted in the jaw bone.

Why Do We Have Wisdom Teeth?

The third molars, or wisdom teeth, are vestiges from our evolutionary past when the human mouth was larger and could accommodate more teeth. They were useful in chewing especially coarse foods, such as roots, nuts, leaves, and tough meats.

This type of diet was tough on the teeth—especially without the helpful maintenance tools we enjoy today, such as toothbrushes, toothpaste, and dental floss. Thus, our ancestor's teeth were subject to significant wear and loss due to tooth decay.

Modern humans don't eat foods that require these extra teeth. However, evolution hasn't yet caught up to this change, so people still get those extra teeth around the time they reach adulthood.

Not Everyone Has Them

Reported rates of missing molars vary by geographic location. Estimates of people who never developed wisdom teeth or are missing at least one of the four range from 5% to 37% worldwide.

The Problem of Wisdom Teeth

Wisdom teeth have become a problem because evolution has shrunk the human jawbone. This presents a range of problems when those vestigial wisdom teeth try to squeeze in.

  • As wisdom teeth form, they can become blocked by other teeth so they can't come in properly. This is referred to as being "impacted."
  • If a wisdom tooth does come in, it can crowd the mouth and create hard-to-clean places where bacteria can thrive, leading to serious infections of the gums and surrounding tissue.
  • When wisdom teeth don't come in, you can be at risk for cysts or tumors that may damage the jawbone (mandible) and teeth if they're not taken out.

It is very common for third molars to become impacted. According to some research, as many as 67% of the population might be affected by impacted wisdom teeth. However, those studies have been challenged. A rate of around 23% may be more accurate once you factor in racial differences and balance the age at which assessments are done.

Even in cases where third molars come in without any problems, your dentist may recommend removing the wisdom teeth to avoid problems that might develop later in life. Having preventive surgery at a young age will allow you to heal faster and avoid complications that older adults are at risk for.

How to Take Care of Your Molars

As molars come in, known as eruption, you may experience painful inflammation and swelling along the gum. This is known as pericoronitis. Normally, it should last about four days.

To help ease the pain and ensure your teeth come in without problems, it's good to pay extra attention to oral hygiene:

  • Carefully brush the area with toothpaste.
  • Use floss or soft picks for interdental cleaning.
  • Rinse with a chlorhexidine mouthwash, which contains an antibacterial to fight gum disease.

If you experience pain, take pain relieving medication in tablet or pill form. Never leave medication in the mouth next to the pericoronitis. If the pain lasts more than four days or gets worse, see a dentist since you may need to have the tooth pulled.

Regular Care of Molars

Like all teeth, once molars have come in, they are susceptible to a variety of disorders or problems. If you feel pain in fully mature molars, you should see your dentist to check for the following:

  • Cavities
  • Broken or cracked tooth
  • Abscessed tooth
  • Damaged filling
  • Teeth grinding

Make an appointment right away if you also have swelling, fever, pain that radiates to your jaw or ear, a bad taste in your mouth, or sensitivity to hot or cold, since these could be signs of a serious abscess.

Tooth Pain: Causes, Treatment, and When to See a Dentist

Summary

Molars are the big flat teeth in the back of your mouth. They're designed to crush and grind food and can withstand considerable force.

The three types are 6-year molars, 12-year molars, and wisdom teeth. The modern human diet no longer requires wisdom teeth, so they're called vestigial, meaning they're left over from an earlier time.

The human jaw has shrunk through evolution, and therefore there's often not enough room for wisdom teeth to come in. That can lead to various problems and most people have their wisdom teeth removed at some point. The surgery is safer and easier to recover from when you're young.

Frequently Asked Questions

9 Sources

Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.

  1. Ghoncheh Z, Zade BM, Kharazifard MJ. Root morphology of the maxillary first and second molars in an Iranian population using cone beam computed tomography.J Dent (Tehran). 2017;14(3):115-122.

  2. Jung YH, Cho BH. Prevalence of missing and impacted third molars in adults aged 25 years and above. Imaging Sci Dent. 2013;43(4):219–225. doi:10.5624/isd.2013.43.4.219

  3. Rakhshan V. Congenitally missing teeth (Hypodontia):A review of the literature concerning the etiology, prevalence, risk factors, patterns and treatment.Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2015;12(1):1-13. doi:10.4103/1735-3327.150286

  4. Kahn S, Ehrlich P, Feldman M, Sapolsky R, Wong S. The jaw epidemic: recognition, origins, cures, and prevention.BioScience. 2020;70(9):759-771. doi:10.1093/biosci/biaa073

  5. Yıldırım H, Büyükgöze-Dindar M. Investigation of the prevalence of impacted third molars and the effects of eruption level and angulation on caries development by panoramic radiographs.Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2022;27(2):e106-e112. Published 2022 Mar 1. doi:10.4317/medoral.25013

  6. California Academy of General Dentistry. Surgical and Non-Surgical Management of Third Molars.

  7. Renton T, Wilson NH. Problems with erupting wisdom teeth: signs, symptoms, and management.Br J Gen Pract. 2016;66(649):e606-e608. doi:10.3399/bjgp16X686509

  8. Siqueira JF, Rôças IN.Microbiology and treatment of acute apical abscesses.Clin Microbiol Rev. 2020;26(2):255-73. doi:10.1128/CMR.00082-12

  9. American Dental Association. Eruption charts.

By Shawn Watson
Shawn Watson is an orthodontic dental assistant and writer with over 10 years of experience working in the field of dentistry.

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What Are Molars and Wisdom Teeth? (2024)

FAQs

What Are Molars and Wisdom Teeth? ›

Types of Molars

What are molars and wisdom teeth? ›

They are the “most posterior teeth in your mouth”. There are first, second and third molars. These are defined based on their position or dentition in your mouth. Third molars are commonly known as wisdom teeth and are the most posterior among them.

Which molar is commonly called a wisdom tooth _____? ›

Wisdom teeth, also called third molars, are the last teeth at the back of your mouth. They do not have “baby tooth” versions and usually come in sometime in the later adolescent years. Many people do not have these chompers, however.

What is the function of the molars? ›

Molars are rounded and used for grinding food into easily swallowed pieces. The smaller and sharper front teeth are used for biting and tearing food. Molars are designed to sustain great amounts of force from chewing, grinding, and clenching, and each molar is anchored to the jaw bone with two to four roots.

What is the pocket between molars and wisdom teeth? ›

This condition is called pericoronitis. Once the offending tooth is removed, the deep pocket will disappear along with the symptoms. Even when fully erupted, the teeth are difficult to properly maintain due to limited access. Therefore, they are much more prone to cavities.

What are the molars? ›

Molars are the flat teeth at the rear of the mouth. Each molar typically has four or five cusps. They are used exclusively for crushing and grinding. Wisdom teeth are also called third molars. They erupt from the age of 18 onwards but are often surgically removed.

Are molars considered wisdom teeth? ›

What are wisdom teeth? Most of us will develop a third molar tooth in each quadrant of our mouths, upper left, upper right, lower left lower right. The molars are the large grinding teeth in back. The last molars in the line are called 3rd molars or more popularly wisdom teeth.

Which tooth is connected to the brain? ›

Wisdom teeth, on the other hand, connect to the central nervous system, heart, liver, and intestines. They can also signal high blood pressure, eczema, headache, liver disease, pain in the extremities, and cardiovascular disease.

What is the oldest age you can get wisdom teeth? ›

Summary. Wisdom teeth can come anytime between the ages of 17 and 25 and even well into your late 20s. You should+n't expect to see your wisdom teeth come past the age of 30, as this is highly uncommon. Some people experience issues with their wisdom teeth when they come in and need an extraction.

Which tooth is connected to the heart? ›

Wisdom teeth are connected to the central nervous system including the heart, liver, and intestines. They can signal high blood pressure, headaches, liver disease, pain, and cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown that gum disease has been linked to heart disease and diabetes.

Why should molars be removed? ›

Maybe your mouth is too small to make room for them, or the teeth could be growing at an angle to other teeth. They can damage the tooth next door if they push up against it. Some dentists take out healthy molars to prevent problems later on. As you age, the bones in your mouth get harder.

At what age do molar teeth come out? ›

Teething
Upper TeethTooth EruptsTooth Lost
First molar13 - 19 months9 - 11 years
Second molar25 - 33 months10 -12 years
Lower TeethTooth EruptsTooth Lost
Second molar23 - 31 months10 -12 years
10 more rows

Should molars be removed? ›

In general, oral surgeons and dentists recommend having wisdom teeth removed only if they cause problems or are likely to cause problems in the future. To this day, there are no scientifically proven benefits of pulling your last set of molars out if they don't cause any problems.

What is the bone sticking out of my wisdom teeth hole? ›

In the mouth, bone spicules may occur following tooth extraction or other kinds of oral surgery. Some dentists may refer to these as bone sequestra. This is your body's way of removing extra bone from the tooth extraction site. While uncomfortable, dental bone spicules usually aren't a cause for concern.

Why do experts now say not to remove your wisdom teeth? ›

Traditionally, wisdom teeth were often removed to prevent potential problems such as crowding, misalignment, and impaction. However, studies have shown that not all wisdom teeth cause these issues. Many people have sufficient space in their jaws to accommodate these teeth without causing any significant problems.

What is a tiny hole in your wisdom teeth called? ›

Wisdom teeth are the final or third molars to erupt at the four corners of the mouth, and removing them creates a hole or opening known as a socket.

Why do wisdom teeth need to be removed? ›

Wisdom teeth that grow partway through the gums also can get cavities, which can't be fixed with fillings and therefore must be removed. Crowd nearby teeth. If wisdom teeth don't have enough room to grow in properly, they may crowd or damage nearby teeth.

Do you lose your molars? ›

Baby teeth ordinarily are shed first at about age 6 when the incisors, the middle teeth in front, become loose. Molars, in the back, are usually shed between ages 10 and 12, and are replaced with permanent teeth by about age 13.

Are back molars the same as wisdom teeth? ›

Molars are the largest of the teeth. They have broad, flat surfaces, and are meant for grinding and chewing plant-based foods. The molar that is farthest in the back of each quadrant of the mouth, and which appears or “erupts” from the gums as a child gets older, is called a wisdom tooth.

At what age do molars come in? ›

Molars are the chewing teeth located in the back of the mouth. For baby teeth, the first set of molars typically erupt around age 3 and the second set around age 6.

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